Turns are divided into how many categories?

Turns in aviation are classified into three primary categories based on the level of bank and the resulting flight characteristics. These categories are:

1. Shallow turns – Typically involve a bank angle of less than 20 degrees. They are characterized by a longer radius of turn, allowing for gentle changes in direction with minimal loss of altitude.

2. Medium turns – Involve a bank angle ranging from about 20 degrees to 45 degrees. These turns are commonly used in general flight operations, balancing between control ease and turn efficiency.

3. Steep turns – Defined by a bank angle greater than 45 degrees. These turns can result in a more evident loss of altitude, and require careful management of speed and load factor to maintain control.

Understanding these categories is essential for pilot training, as each type of turn requires different handling techniques and has distinct effects on aircraft performance. Keeping these classifications in mind helps pilots execute safer and more effective turning maneuvers during flight operations.